Newton<\/p>\n
18 ya\u015f\u0131nda, Cambridge\u2019deki Trinity College\u2019a g\u00f6nderildi, burada Barrow\u2019un dikkatini \u00e7ekti. 1665\u2019te Londra\u2019daki veba salg\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Cambringe \u00fcniversitesi kapat\u0131ld\u0131; Newton, Woolsthorpe\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve 1667\u2019ye dek burada kald\u0131. 1669\u2019da Barrow\u2019un yerine matematik profes\u00f6r\u00fc oldu. 1672\u2019de Royal Society\u2019te \u00fcye se\u00e7ildi. 1703 bu kurumun ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Westminster\u2019e g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Newton\u2019\u0131n matemati\u011fe en \u00f6nemli katk\u0131s\u0131, tutarl\u0131 bir kurum olan sonsuz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler hesab\u0131n\u0131 (kendisi bunu ak\u0131\u015fkanlar hesab\u0131 diye adland\u0131r\u0131yordu) olu\u015fturmas\u0131d\u0131r; bunu \u00f6zellikle XVII. yy.\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yava\u015f yava\u015f geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Leibniz de nerede ise ayn\u0131 zaman da, ayn\u0131 bire\u015fime ula\u015ft\u0131, ancak bu hesab\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ve de\u011fi\u015fik bir anlay\u0131\u015fla sundu ve iki bilim adam\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda ate\u015fli bir polemik ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Mekanik alan\u0131nda Newton, daha \u00f6nceki \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flar\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fczelterek, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle genelle\u015ftirip tamamlayarak, tam ve kesin bir bilimsel kuram bi\u00e7iminde toparlayan ilk bilim adam\u0131 oldu. Bu eski bilgileri, \u00f6zellikle yer \u00e7ekimini ve g\u00f6kcisimleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekimleri belirten evrensel \u00e7ekim kavram\u0131yla tamamlad\u0131. Newton\u2019\u0131n bu bulu\u015fu nas\u0131l yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan \u201cNewton\u2019\u0131n elmas\u0131\u201d\u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011frulu\u011fu hala tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Newton, k\u00fctle ve kuvvet kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kca tamamlad\u0131. Bu tan\u0131mlar\u0131 yaparken ve \u00e7ekim yasas\u0131n\u0131, uzakl\u0131klar\u0131n karesinin tersine g\u00f6re kurarken, Huygens\u2019in merkezka\u00e7 kuvvet yasas\u0131ndan (1659) yararland\u0131. <\/p>\n
Newton\u2019\u0131n Philosophane naturalis principia mathematice (do\u011fal felsefesinin matematiksel ilkeleri) [1687] adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131ndan sergiledi\u011fi mekanik, \u00fc\u00e7 ilkeye dayan\u0131r: 1. eylemsizlik ilkesi (bunu Galilei\u2019ye mal ediniyordu, ancak ger\u00e7ekte bu ilke a\u00e7\u0131k biir bi\u00e7imde ve b\u00fct\u00fcn genel y\u00f6nleriyle Descartes taraf\u0131ndan berirlenmi\u015ftir);2. kuvvetle ivmenin orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (bunu da Galilei\u2019ye mal etti, oysa Galilei bu ilkeyi yaln\u0131zca sevmekle kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131); 3. etki ve tepkinin e\u015fitli\u011fi (de\u011fme etkilerinde \u00e7oktan bilinen bu e\u015fitli\u011fi Newton ,uzaktan etkileme olay\u0131nda ele alarak geni\u015fletti). <\/p>\n
G\u00fcnmerkezlilik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn benimseyen Newton, mekanik \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini daha \u00f6nce Kepler taraf\u0131ndan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ve pek kesin olmayan bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya konan gezegenlerin ve Ay\u2019\u0131n devinimleri konusuna uygulad\u0131. G\u00f6kbilimci Jean Picard\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerine (1670\u2019e do\u011fr.) Newton\u2019\u0131n mekani\u011fi, Einstein\u2019in g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131na kadar, k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fme u\u011framadan, ba\u015fta ak\u0131\u015fkanlar ve g\u00f6k mekani\u011fi olmak \u00fczere mekanik alan\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen de\u011fi\u015fmelerin temelini olu\u015fturdu. <\/p>\n
Newton\u2019un optikte en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131 ilk teleskopu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesini (1671) yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, prizma taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan beyaz \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 inceleyerek geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi renk kuram\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konudaki ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalr\u0131n\u0131 1666\u2019da yapt\u0131 ve 1672\u2019de Royal Society\u2019ye sundu\u011fu incelemede Hooke\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ancak bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, \u00e7ok daha sonra yay\u0131nlanan, Opticks (Optik) [1. ing. bask\u0131, 1704; 2. ing. bask\u0131, 1717-18] adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nda yer ald\u0131 Newton bu kitapta, Malebranche ile hemen hemen ayn\u0131 zaman da, her rengin \u00f6z\u00fcl ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyen bir \u00f6zellikte oldu\u011funu savundu. \u00d6zellikle, Opticks (optik\u2019in) 1706 latince bask\u0131 ile birlikte yay\u0131mlanmaya ba\u015flanan Quaestiones (Sorular) adl\u0131 etkinlikte renklerin yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131; bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler pek de bilimsel de\u011fildi ve karma bir kuram bi\u00e7iminde sunuluyordu: \u0131\u015f\u0131k her renk i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte tanecikte olu\u015fur ve bunlar, dalgalar olu\u015fturarak esiri sarsar. Newton buna dayanarak, \u0131\u015f\u0131k dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nemli\u011fi ya da frekans\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131 ortaya att\u0131, ancak Molebranche\u2019tan farkl\u0131 olarak bu kavram\u0131 genlik kavaram\u0131n dan ay\u0131rmad\u0131. Newton\u2019\u0131n tarih kronolojisi ve simya \u00fczerine de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 vard\u0131. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Newton 18 ya\u015f\u0131nda, Cambridge\u2019deki Trinity College\u2019a g\u00f6nderildi, burada Barrow\u2019un dikkatini \u00e7ekti. 1665\u2019te Londra\u2019daki veba salg\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Cambringe \u00fcniversitesi kapat\u0131ld\u0131; Newton, Woolsthorpe\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve 1667\u2019ye dek burada kald\u0131. 1669\u2019da Barrow\u2019un yerine matematik profes\u00f6r\u00fc oldu. 1672\u2019de Royal Society\u2019te \u00fcye se\u00e7ildi. 1703 bu kurumun ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Westminster\u2019e g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. Newton\u2019\u0131n matemati\u011fe en \u00f6nemli katk\u0131s\u0131, tutarl\u0131 bir kurum olan sonsuz …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2774,2160,2728,2773],"class_list":["post-929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-gok-mekanigi","tag-newton","tag-teleskop","tag-yer-cekimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=929"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/929\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}