ATMOSFER
\nYer\u00e7ekiminin etkisiyle, D\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u00e7epe \u00e7evre saran gaz tabakas\u0131na denir.
\nAtmosferin \u00d6nemi:
\n1. G\u00fcne\u015ften gelen zararl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 tutar.
\n2. Ya\u015fam i\u00e7in gerekli gazlar\u0131 bulundurur.
\n3. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma ve so\u011fumas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.
\n4. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, g\u00f6lgede kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n da ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n5. Meteorolojik olaylar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini sa\u011flar.
\n6. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, sesi, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irir ve iletilmelerini sa\u011flar.
\n7. Uzaydan gelen meteorlar\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
ATMOSFER\u0130N \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130:
\n1. Atmosferin alt katlar\u0131 daha s\u0131cakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc atmosfer yerden yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarla \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r
\n2. Atmosferin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekvatorda fazla, kutuplarda azd\u0131r.
\n3. Ortalama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 10.000 km’dir.
\n4. Atmosferin yo\u011funlu\u011fu yerden y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e azal\u0131r.
\n5. A\u011f\u0131r gazlar alt tabakalarda, hafif gazlar \u00fcst tabakalarda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n6. Her zaman bulunan ve miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeyen gazlar ;%78 Azot,%21 Oksijen,%1 Asal gazlard\u0131r.
\n7. Her zaman bulunan ve miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen gazlar; Subuhar\u0131 ve Karbondioksittir.
\n8. Her zaman bulunmayan gazlar ise Tozlar ve ozondur.
\n9. Atmosfer saydam ve renksizdir. Ancak atmosferin i\u00e7erisinde bulunan subuhar\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f’ten gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 bir prizma gibi k\u0131rarak beyaz \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n mavi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine sebeb olur. Atmosferin bu mavi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc okyanus ve denizlerin \u00fczerine yans\u0131yarak asl\u0131nda renksiz olan su k\u00fctlelerinin mavi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine sebeb olur.
\nAtmosferdeki gazlar\u0131n oranlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi iklim \u00fczerinde bir tak\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fikliklere neden olur.
\n\u00d6rne\u011fin atmosferin %o 3’n\u00fc olu\u015fturan CO2’in iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde s\u0131cakl\u0131k artar. CO2’in yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmesi halinde yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde s\u0131cakl\u0131k azal\u0131r.
\nATMOSFER\u0130N KATMANLARI
\nTROPOSFER:
\nAtmosferin, yery\u00fcz\u00fcne temas eden, alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\nT\u00fcm gazlar\u0131n % 75’inin bulundu\u011fu bu katmanda yo\u011funluk en fazlad\u0131r.
\nTroposfer, yerden havaya yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarla alttan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Bu nedenle alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 daha s\u0131cakt\u0131r. Yerden y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e s\u0131cakl\u0131k her 100 m’de yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,5\u00b0C azal\u0131r.
\nSu buhar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 troposferde bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in t\u00fcm meteorolojik olaylar burada olu\u015fur.
\nG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yatay ve dikey hava hareketleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nYerden y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 6 – 16 km aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. <\/p>\n
STRATOSFER:
\nTroposferin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki katmand\u0131r.
\nYatay hava hareketleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nSu buhar\u0131 hemen hemen hi\u00e7 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in dikey hava hareketleri olu\u015famaz. Bu nedenle s\u0131cakl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a d\u00fczg\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k her yerde yakla\u015f\u0131k -50\u00b0C’dir.
\n\u00dcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 yerden 25 – 30 km y\u00fcksekliktedir. <\/p>\n
MEZOSFER:
\nKal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 30-80 km aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.Ozonosfer ve kemosfer diye iki k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fur.
\na) Ozonosfer: Bu tabakada ozon gaz\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015ften gelen zararl\u0131 ultraviole \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, ozon gaz\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tutulur.Bundan dolay\u0131 canl\u0131lar\u0131n koruyucu kat\u0131d\u0131r.
\nb) Kemosfer: Zararl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n tutulmas\u0131 az miktarda burada da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.Gazlar\u0131n iyonlara ayr\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir.
\n\u015eEMOSFER
\nStratosfer ile \u0130yonosfer aras\u0131ndaki katmand\u0131r.
\nStratosfer ile \u015eemosfer aras\u0131ndaki 19-45 km’ler aras\u0131nda oksijen azot haline gelerek ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 tutar.
\n\u00dcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 yerden 80 – 90 km y\u00fcksekliktedir. <\/p>\n
\u0130YONOSFER:
\nMor \u00f6tesi (ultraviyole) \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n, molek\u00fclleri par\u00e7alayarak iyonlar haline getirdi\u011fi katmand\u0131r.
\nYer\u00e7ekimi azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in iklim \u00fczerinde belirgin bir etkisi yoktur.
\nRadyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r
\n\u00dcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 yerden 250 – 300 km y\u00fcksekliktedir. <\/p>\n
EKZOSFER: (Jeokronyum)
\nEn \u00fcst tabakad\u0131r.
\nYer\u00e7ekimi \u00e7ok azald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan gazlar \u00e7ok seyrektir.
\nHidrojen ve helyum gibi hafif gazlar bulunur.
\nAtmosfer ile uzay aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f alan\u0131d\u0131r.
\nKesin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bilinmemekle birlikte \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n yerden yakla\u015f\u0131k 10.000 km y\u00fckseklikte oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
Atmosferde Bulunan Gazlar<\/p>\n
Atmosferde bulunan gazlar\u0131n % 75’i ve su buhar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 troposferde bulunur. \u0130klim y\u00f6n\u00fcnden daha \u00e7ok atmosferin alt katlar\u0131 \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fundan burada troposfer ve stratosferin alt katlar\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fimi incelenecektir.<\/p>\n
Her zaman bulunan ve oran\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeyen gazlar; % 78 oran\u0131nda azot, % 21 oran\u0131nda oksijen, %1 oran\u0131nda asal gazlar (Hidrojen, Helyum, Argon, Kripton, Ksenon, Neon) d\u0131r. Her zaman bulunan ve oran\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen gazlar; su buhar\u0131 ve karbondioksittir. Her zaman bulunmayan gazlar; ozon ve tozlard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Su buhar\u0131 : Yere ve zaman g\u00f6re oran\u0131 en \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fen gazd\u0131r. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p, so\u011fumas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, bulut, sis gibi hava olaylar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015funu sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Karbondioksit : Atmosferin g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 emme ve saklama yetene\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r. Havada karbondioksit (CO2) miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, azalmas\u0131 ise s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etki yapar.<\/p>\n
Ozon : Hava i\u00e7indeki oksijen (O2) mor \u00f6tesi (ultraviyole) \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda ozon (O3) haline ge\u00e7er. Ozon gaz\u0131, i\u00e7inde hayat\u0131n geli\u015fmesine olanak vermez ancak atmosferin \u00fcst katmanlar\u0131nda ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 emerek yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki ya\u015fam \u00fczerinde olumlu bir etki yapar. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden 19 – 45 kilometre y\u00fckseklikler aras\u0131nda bulunan ozon kat\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llarda inceldi\u011fi hatta yer yer delindi\u011fi belirlenmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle buzdolab\u0131, so\u011futucu, araba ve spreylerden \u00e7\u0131kan gazlar\u0131n (kloroflorokarbon) neden oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu gazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015fan mor \u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlardaki art\u0131\u015f, s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n artmas\u0131na, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak buzullar\u0131n erimesine, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fclerinde de\u011fi\u015fimlere neden olabilecektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ATMOSFER Yer\u00e7ekiminin etkisiyle, D\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u00e7epe \u00e7evre saran gaz tabakas\u0131na denir. Atmosferin \u00d6nemi: 1. G\u00fcne\u015ften gelen zararl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 tutar. 2. Ya\u015fam i\u00e7in gerekli gazlar\u0131 bulundurur. 3. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma ve so\u011fumas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. 4. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, g\u00f6lgede kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n da ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. 5. Meteorolojik olaylar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini sa\u011flar. 6. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, sesi, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irir ve iletilmelerini sa\u011flar. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2220,2796,2842,2210,2218,2136,2839,2841,2837,2221,2223,2834,2219,2836,2838,2835,2840,2141,2752],"class_list":["post-949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-argon","tag-atmosfer","tag-atmosferde-bulunan-gazlar","tag-co2","tag-helyum","tag-hidrojen","tag-iyonosfer","tag-jeokronyum","tag-kemosfer","tag-kripton","tag-ksenon","tag-meteorolojik","tag-neon","tag-ozonosfer","tag-stratosfer","tag-troposfer","tag-ultraviyole","tag-uzay","tag-yercekimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=949"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/949\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}