G\u00fcne\u015fin yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyam\u0131za da ula\u015fan enerji, g\u00fcne\u015fin \u00e7ekirde\u011finde yer alan f\u00fczyon s\u00fcreci ile a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131\u015f\u0131ma enerjisidir, g\u00fcne\u015fteki hidrojen gaz\u0131n\u0131n helyuma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi \u015feklindeki f\u00fczyon s\u00fcrecinden kaynaklan\u0131r.D\u00fcnya atmosferinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddeti, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 sabit ve 1370 W\/m2 de\u011ferindedir, ancak yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde 0-1100 W\/m2 de\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterir. Bu enerjinin d\u00fcnyaya gelen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc dahi, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mevcut enerji t\u00fcketiminden kat kat fazlad\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinden yararlanma konusundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00f6zellikle 1970’lerden sonra h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi sistemleri teknolojik olarak ilerleme ve maliyet bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015f, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi \u00e7evresel olarak temiz bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kendini kabul ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten elde edilebilecek enerji <\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n atmosferinin \u00fczerine ve d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyine d\u00fc\u015fen teorik y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 miktar\u0131
\nGlobal g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi kaynaklar\u0131. Haritadaki renkler, 1991-1993 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ortalama yerel g\u00fcne\u015f enerji de\u011ferleri hakk\u0131nda W\/m2 cinsinden bilgi vermektedir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi \u00fczerinde, uzayda, birim alana ula\u015fan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015fe dik bir y\u00fczey \u00fczerinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fckleri zaman 1,366 W\/m2\u2019dir. Bu de\u011fer g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi sabiti olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Atmosfer bu enerjinin %6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r, %16\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6n\u00fcmler ve b\u00f6ylece deniz seviyesinde ula\u015f\u0131labilen en y\u00fcksek g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi 1,020 W\/m2\u2019dir. Bulutlar gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131may\u0131, yans\u0131tma suretiyle yakla\u015f\u0131k %20, s\u00f6n\u00fcmleme suretiyle de yakla\u015f\u0131k %16 azalt\u0131rlar. Sa\u011fdaki resim 1991 ve 1993 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uydu verilerine dayanarak, elde edilebilen ortalama g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin W\/m2 cinsinden g\u00f6sterimidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Kuzey Amerika\u2019ya ula\u015fan g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi 125 ile 375 W\/m2 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015firken, g\u00fcnl\u00fck elde edilebilen enerji miktar\u0131, 3 ila 9 kWh\/m2 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011fer, elde edilebilecek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn en y\u00fcksek de\u011fer olup, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi teknolojisinin sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 en y\u00fcksek de\u011fer anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u00d6rne\u011fin, fotovoltaik (g\u00fcne\u015f pili) panelleri, bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k %15\u2019lik bir verime sahiptirler. Bu nedenle, ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede bir g\u00fcne\u015f paneli, 19 ile 56 W\/m2 ya da g\u00fcnl\u00fck 0.45-1.35 kWh\/m2 enerji sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.Yandaki resimdeki koyu renkli alanlar, g\u00fcne\u015f paneli kaplanmas\u0131 durumunda ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcretilen toplam enerjiden biraz daha fazla enerji \u00fcretebilecek \u00f6rnek alanlar\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc %8 verime dayal\u0131 teknoloji ile dahi, i\u015faretli b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirilecek g\u00fcne\u015f panelleri, bug\u00fcn fosil yak\u0131tlar, hidroelektrik, n\u00fckleer vb kaynaklara dayal\u0131 t\u00fcm santrallerin \u00fcretti\u011fi elektrik enerjisinden biraz daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretebilecektir.<\/p>\n
Hava kirlili\u011finin neden oldu\u011fu K\u00fcresel lo\u015fluk ise daha az miktarda g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin gelece\u011fi ile ilgili az da olsa endi\u015fe yaratmaktad\u0131r. 1961-90 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde deniz seviyesine ula\u015fan ortalama g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 miktar\u0131nda %4 azalma oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi teknolojileri:
\n G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan yararlanmak i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok teknoloji geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu teknolojilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisini \u0131\u015f\u0131k ya da \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi \u015feklinde direk olarak kullan\u0131rken, di\u011fer teknolojiler g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinden elektrik elde etmek \u015feklinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f enerjili \u0131s\u0131tma sistemleri
\n G\u00fcne\u015f enerjili s\u0131cak su sistemleri, suyu \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcne\u015fe \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r. Bu sistemler evsel s\u0131cak su ya da bir alan\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labildi\u011fi gibi \u00e7o\u011funlukla bir havuzu \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sistemler \u00e7o\u011funlukla bir termal g\u00fcne\u015f paneli ile bir de depodan olu\u015fur. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjili su \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 grupta toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
-Aktif sistemler, suyun ya da \u0131s\u0131 transfer s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evirimi i\u00e7in pompa kullan\u0131rlar.
\n-Pasif sistemler suyun ya da \u0131s\u0131 transfer s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n devrini do\u011fal \u00e7evirim ile sa\u011flarlar.
\n-K\u00fctle sistemleri su tank\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7larlar. <\/p>\n
Yayg\u0131n \u0131s\u0131l g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi uygulamalar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n– D\u00fczlemsel g\u00fcne\u015f kollekt\u00f6rleri: \u00dclkemizde de \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan, evlerde s\u0131cak su elde etmede kullan\u0131lan sistemlerdir.<\/p>\n
-Yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi santrallar\u0131: Bunlarda, do\u011frusal, \u00e7anak \u015feklinde ya da merkezi bir oda\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f dev aynalar kullan\u0131larak, odak noktas\u0131nda \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u0131s\u0131 elde edilir. Genellikle elektrik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak hen\u00fcz bir yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
-Vakum T\u00fcpl\u00fc G\u00fcne\u015f Enerjisi Sistemleri: Vakum t\u00fcpl\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi kolekt\u00f6rleri: i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f 2 adet silindirik cam t\u00fcp\u00fcn \u0131s\u0131 yolu ile birbirine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bu i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda aras\u0131ndaki havan\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile \u00fcretilir. D\u0131\u015f silindirik t\u00fcp\u00fcn y\u00fczeyine d\u00fc\u015fen G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 aradaki havas\u0131z ortamdan ge\u00e7erek i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdaki silindirik t\u00fcp\u00fcn y\u00fczeyinde absorbe edilmesi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Arada madde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sadece \u0131\u015f\u0131ma ile \u0131s\u0131nan sistem suyu d\u0131\u015f hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
-G\u00fcne\u015f ocaklar\u0131: \u00c7anak \u015feklinde ya da kutu \u015feklinde g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 toplayan yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde daha yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
-Trombe duvar\u0131: Sandvi\u00e7 \u015feklinde cam ve hava kanallar\u0131 ile paketlenmi\u015f bir pasif g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi sitemidir. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u00fcn boyunca, duvar\u0131n alt\u0131nda ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan hava ge\u00e7i\u015f bo\u015fluklar\u0131n\u0131 tahrik ederek, do\u011fal \u00e7evirim ile termal k\u00fctleyi \u0131s\u0131t\u0131rlar. Gece ise trombe duvar\u0131 biriktirdi\u011fi enerjiyi \u0131\u015f\u0131ma yolu ile yayar. <\/p>\n
-Ge\u00e7i\u015fli hava paneli: Aktif g\u00fcne\u015f enerjili \u0131s\u0131tma ve havaland\u0131rma sistemidir. Termal g\u00fcne\u015f paneli gibi davranan, g\u00fcne\u015fe bakan delikli (perfore) bir duvardan olu\u015fur. Panel, binan\u0131n havaland\u0131rma sistemine \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma uygular. Ucuz bir y\u00f6ntemdir. %70\u2019e kadar verime ula\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu olmu\u015f, ancak yayg\u0131nla\u015famam\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 \u0131s\u0131l g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi teknolojieri:<\/p>\n
-G\u00fcne\u015f Havuzlar\u0131: Havuza at\u0131lan tuzlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 ile dip tarafta s\u0131cakl\u0131k elde edilir. Bunlar daha \u00e7ok deneysel sistemler olarak kalm\u0131\u015flar, bir yayg\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6sterememi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
-G\u00fcne\u015f Bacalar\u0131: Bir binan\u0131n zemininde toplanan \u0131s\u0131, y\u00fcksek ve dar bir bacaya y\u00f6nlendi\u011finde, bacada kurulu t\u00fcrbini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu da, deneysel a\u015famada kalm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi t\u00fcrlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n
-Su Ar\u0131tma Sistemleri: Bunlar da bir \u00e7e\u015fit havuz sistemidir. Havuzun \u00fcst\u00fcne e\u011fimli cam kapak yerle\u015ftirilir, buharla\u015fan su tuzdan ar\u0131narak bu kapakta yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
-\u00dcr\u00fcn kurutma sistemleri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u00fcne\u015fin yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyam\u0131za da ula\u015fan enerji, g\u00fcne\u015fin \u00e7ekirde\u011finde yer alan f\u00fczyon s\u00fcreci ile a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131\u015f\u0131ma enerjisidir, g\u00fcne\u015fteki hidrojen gaz\u0131n\u0131n helyuma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi \u015feklindeki f\u00fczyon s\u00fcrecinden kaynaklan\u0131r.D\u00fcnya atmosferinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddeti, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 sabit ve 1370 W\/m2 de\u011ferindedir, ancak yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde 0-1100 W\/m2 de\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterir. Bu enerjinin d\u00fcnyaya gelen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc dahi, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2873,2218,2798,2136,2708,2879],"class_list":["post-967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-gunes-enerjisi","tag-helyum","tag-hidroelektrik","tag-hidrojen","tag-nukleer","tag-yorunge"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=967"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}