\n F\u0131rlayan y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u201d yada \u201cd\u00fc\u015fen y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u201d y\u0131ld\u0131z de\u011fil, uzaydaki ba\u015fka cisimlerden kopup yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yabanc\u0131 atmosferinde yitip giden par\u00e7ac\u0131klar olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lana kadar, insanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fclemi\u015flerdir. Hi\u00e7bir belirti yada uyar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, bazen beyaz, bazen renkli parlak bir \u00e7izgi, bir an i\u00e7in g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde beliriyordu. Bu \u00e7izgi yani bir meteorun izi bir g\u00f6kcismi par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Meteorlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde soluk izler b\u0131rak\u0131r; ama baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n izleri, dolunaydan daha parlakt\u0131r. Meteorlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu atmosfer i\u00e7inde yok edilir. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcne kat\u0131 cisimler olarak ula\u015fan pek az\u0131, g\u00f6kta\u015f\u0131 ad\u0131yla bilinen cisimlerdir.<\/p>\n
METEORLAR NED\u0130R?<\/p>\n
Meteorlar, yery\u00fcz\u00fc atmosferine girdikten sonra g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olan ta\u015f yada demir (yada her ikisinin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131) par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funun k\u00fctlesi birka\u00e7 miligram yada gramd\u0131r, Uzayda, saniyede birka\u00e7 kilometreden 100 km\u2019ye kadar de\u011fi\u015fen h\u0131zlarla hareket ederler. Bu h\u0131zl\u0131 cisimler atmosfere girdikleri zaman, atmosferi olu\u015fturan gaz molek\u00fclleriyle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme y\u00fcz\u00fcnden akkorluk derecesine kadar \u0131s\u0131n\u0131rlar. Saniyede yaln\u0131zca 10 km kadar h\u0131zla hareket eden bir meteorda, atmosfere de\u011fdi\u011finde t\u00fcm\u00fcyle buhar olmas\u0131na yetecek kadar enerji vard\u0131r. Bir meteorun h\u0131z\u0131nda, atmosferin \u00fcst tabakalar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erken \u00f6nemli bir azalma olmaz. Enerjisinin harcanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan, erime ve buharla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7leridir. Bir meteorun 200 km\u2019den y\u00fcksek bir y\u00fckseltide \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yada buharla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok ender g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. 100 km\u2019den az bir y\u00fckseltide varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fctleli meteorlar, \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
METEORLARI G\u00d6ZLEMLEMEK<\/p>\n
Bir meteorun yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta, atmosfer i\u00e7inde \u0131s\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktad\u0131r. G\u00f6zden yitti\u011fi nokta ise, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yok olu\u015funun tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktad\u0131r. \u0130ki ayr\u0131 yerdeki iki g\u00f6zlemci, bir meteorun g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir yolunun kesin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve biti\u015f noktalar\u0131n\u0131 saptayarak meteorun izledi\u011fi t\u00fcm yolu ve g\u00fcne\u015f sistemi i\u00e7inde hangi b\u00f6lgeden geldi\u011fini hesaplayabilirler. Meteorun izledi\u011fi yolun ba\u015f\u0131nda ve sonunda bulunan y\u0131ld\u0131zlar tan\u0131nabilirse, bu hesaplar daha da kolayla\u015f\u0131r. Meteorlar\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in, \u00e7iftler halinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan istasyonlar kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7iftleri olu\u015fturan istasyonlar aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k 50-100 km aras\u0131ndad\u0131r, istasyonlarda, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ayn\u0131 alan\u0131na \u00e7evrilmi\u015f kameralar bulunur. Bu kameralar, h\u0131zla hareket eden ayn\u0131 meteorun foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekip, her foto\u011fraf\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7ekili\u015f an\u0131n\u0131 kaydederler. B\u00f6ylece, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr yolun ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve son noktalar\u0131n\u0131n kesin olarak saptanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar.
\n Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6nme hareketi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, g\u00fcnbat\u0131m\u0131ndan gece yar\u0131s\u0131na kadarki s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, gece yar\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcndo\u011fumuna kadarki s\u00fcre i\u00e7indekinden \u00e7ok daha az meteor yolu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Gece yar\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcndo\u011fumuna kadarki s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, bir g\u00f6zlemcinin, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6ne d\u00fc\u015fen b\u00f6lgeyi tam kar\u015f\u0131dan g\u00f6rme olana\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. O s\u0131rada bir meteora rastlamas\u0131 \u00e7ok daha olas\u0131d\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, meteorlar yery\u00fcz\u00fcne bir anlamda tam kar\u015f\u0131dan gelmektedirler. Meteorlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda ayn\u0131 g\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin nedeni budur. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde de bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik s\u00f6z konusudur. Sonbaharda bir g\u00f6zlemci, t\u00fcm g\u00fcne\u015f sisteminin kendisine do\u011fru hareket etti\u011fi y\u00f6ndeki g\u00f6k par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131, tam kar\u015f\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu mevsim, meteorlar\u0131n en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zamand\u0131r. G\u00fcnl\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklik, t\u00fcm kaynaklardan gelen meteorlarla, oysa y\u0131ll\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fiklik, yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcne\u015f sisteminin \u00f6tesinden gelenlerle ilgilidir.
\n Her g\u00fcn ka\u00e7 meteorun yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc atmosferine birka\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck, bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve pek \u00e7ok say\u0131da mikroskobik meteor \u00e7arpar. G\u00f6kta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun k\u00fctlesi 0,0001 gr\u2019dan azd\u0131r. Bunlar, bir g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015fan toplam g\u00f6kta\u015f\u0131 k\u00fctlesinin (1000 ton) hemen t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015ftururlar. T\u00fcm g\u00f6kta\u015flar\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki minerallerde bulunmayan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6sterdikleri i\u00e7in, uzmanlar, hatt\u00e2 herhangi bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan kolayca tan\u0131nabilirler.<\/p>\n
METEOR YOLLARI VE ELEKTR\u0130KSEL \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/p>\n
K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck meteorlar\u0131n yollar\u0131, \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yolun parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca meteorun k\u00fctlesine de\u011fil, h\u0131z\u0131na, yap\u0131s\u0131na ve bi\u00e7imine de ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. En s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen 0,0001 gr\u2019dan az k\u00fctleli meteorlar, 200 km\u2019lik bir y\u00fckseklikte bulunduklar\u0131 ve tam a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan g\u00f6zlemlendikleri zaman, parlakl\u0131klar\u0131 11. kadirden bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131nkine e\u015fit izler b\u0131rak\u0131rlar. Bu izler \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemez. K\u00fctleleri 0,01 gr olan meteorlar\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 izler 5. kadirden bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131nkine, 10 -100 kg aras\u0131ndakilerin b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 izler ise Ay\u2019\u0131nkine e\u015fit parlakl\u0131ktad\u0131r. Son derece b\u00fcy\u00fck meteorlar, g\u00fcne\u015finkine e\u015f parlakl\u0131kta \u0131\u015f\u0131klar yaym\u0131\u015flar ve d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri noktalar\u0131 g\u00fcn gibi ayd\u0131nlatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n Bir meteorun \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc akkor halindeki buluttan ve ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerde harekete ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi hava molek\u00fcllerinden gelir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir meteor s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yol, k\u00fctlesinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcyle olu\u015fan buhar\u0131n so\u011fumas\u0131ndan saatlerce sonra bile ayd\u0131nl\u0131k kalabilir. Bir meteorun ge\u00e7i\u015fi seyrek havay\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irir ve bir gecikmeden sonra, \u0131\u015f\u0131k yaymaya ba\u015flar. Meteor ayn\u0131 zamanda, atomlara elektron
\nyitirmelerine yol a\u00e7acak kadar \u015fiddetle \u00e7arparak, havay\u0131 iyonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Hava, normal olarak bir yal\u0131tkand\u0131r; ama, iyonla\u015fm\u0131\u015f hava bir iletken durumuna gelir. Radyo dalgalar\u0131 bir meteorun iyonla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hava tabakalar\u0131ndan yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, meteorun izledi\u011fi yol radarla saptanabilir.
\n Radar, foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00e7ekilemeyecek yada \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck meteorlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptamak, iyonla\u015fman\u0131n nerede oldu\u011funu belirlemek ve g\u00f6zle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi olanaks\u0131z g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Radar, bir g\u00f6zlemciye yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 saniye yada bir saniyeden az bir s\u00fcre g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen parlakl\u0131k yerine, \u00e7ok daha uzun s\u00fcren iyonla\u015fmadan yararlanma olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar: \u0130yonla\u015fma birka\u00e7 dakika s\u00fcrebilir. <\/p>\n
METEORLARDAN YARARLANMAK<\/p>\n
Uzileti\u015fim (telekom\u00fcnikasyon) m\u00fchendisleri, atmosferin iyonla\u015fmas\u0131 olgusundan, uzaktan haberle\u015fmede yararlanma giri\u015fimlerinde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Normal olarak, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uzakl\u0131kla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki istasyon aras\u0131nda, mikrodalgalarla haberle\u015fme olana\u011f\u0131 yoktur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, mikrodalgalar d\u00fcz \u00e7izgi halinde yollar izler ve atmosfer taraf\u0131ndan yeterince yans\u0131t\u0131lmazlar. S\u00f6z konusu iki istasyondan tam ortalar\u0131ndaki bir noktaya g\u00f6nderilen mikrodalgalar, normal olarak uzay i\u00e7inde yok olurlar. Ama dalga demeti bir meteor yoluyla kesi\u015firse, mikrodalgalar yery\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve al\u0131c\u0131 istasyon taraf\u0131ndan toplanabilirler. Bu yay\u0131nlar, iyonla\u015fma son buldu\u011fu zaman kesintiye u\u011frar, ama yeni bir meteor ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, yeniden ba\u015flarlar. Bu yol bazen olanakl\u0131d\u0131r, ama uygulamada pek kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 de\u011fildir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc meteorlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kt\u0131r ve \u00f6nceden kestirilmeleri zordur.<\/p>\n
METEOR S\u00dcR\u00dcLER\u0130<\/p>\n
Herhangi bir a\u00e7\u0131k gecede, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde bir\u00e7ok meteor g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Baz\u0131 geceler \u00e7ok say\u0131da meteorun ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nden geldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Y\u00fczlerce, binlerce yada onbinlerce meteorun, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcndeki ayn\u0131 noktadan ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. 1833 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ylesine \u00e7ok say\u0131da meteor g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ki, g\u00f6kbilimciler, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6nen bir meteor s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. O zamana kadar, meteorlar atmosfere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir olgu say\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Oysa o g\u00fcnden sonra, meteorlar\u0131n uzay olgular\u0131 olduklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015ftu.
\n Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn meteor s\u00fcr\u00fclerine rastlamas\u0131, meteor ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 terimini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde meteorlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnen noktaya radyan ad\u0131 verilir. Radyan\u0131n konumu, yery\u00fcz\u00fc hareke, tinin y\u00f6n\u00fc ve h\u0131z\u0131 ile meteorun izledi\u011fi y\u00f6r\u00fcngenin uzaydaki kayma derecesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ncelemeler, bir\u00e7ok meteor s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesini izlediklerini ve y\u00f6r\u00fcnge boyunca bu kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zdan kopan par\u00e7alar olabileceklerini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bir\u00e7ok meteor, g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde bulunur. Ba\u015fka meteorlar ise, bir gezegenin \u00e7ekimi taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrler. Baz\u0131 durumlarda, belli bir meteor ya\u011fmuru, herhangi bir kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zla ili\u015fkili g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez.
\n Bir meteor ya\u011fmuru her y\u0131l ayn\u0131 \u015fiddetle olu\u015fmaz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc meteorlar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f devirleri her zaman yery\u00fcz\u00fcndekiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz ve meteorlar, y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri i\u00e7inde d\u00fczenli olarak da\u011f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
F\u0131rlayan y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u201d yada \u201cd\u00fc\u015fen y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u201d y\u0131ld\u0131z de\u011fil, uzaydaki ba\u015fka cisimlerden kopup yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yabanc\u0131 atmosferinde yitip giden par\u00e7ac\u0131klar olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lana kadar, insanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fclemi\u015flerdir. Hi\u00e7bir belirti yada uyar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, bazen beyaz, bazen renkli parlak bir \u00e7izgi, bir an i\u00e7in g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde beliriyordu. Bu \u00e7izgi yani bir meteorun izi bir g\u00f6kcismi par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Meteorlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde soluk izler b\u0131rak\u0131r; ama …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,1403],"tags":[2796,2844,2882,2884,2883],"class_list":["post-971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fen-ve-teknoloji-odevleri","category-odevler","tag-atmosfer","tag-ay","tag-meteorlar","tag-telekomunikasyon","tag-yildiz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}