\nAKDEN\u0130Z B\u00d6LGES\u0130<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 7 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgesinden biridir. Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneyinde Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca uzan\u0131r; geni\u015fli\u011fi 120-180 km aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bat\u0131 ve k.bat\u0131s\u0131nda Ege B\u00f6l., kuzeyinde \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6l. , do\u011fusunda G.Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6l. G\u00fcneyinde ise Akdeniz bulunur. G.do\u011fudan Suriye ile kom\u015fudur. Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 110000 km2 dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r; T\u00fcrkiye toplam alan\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %14\u2019n\u00fc kaplar. K\u0131y\u0131 uzunlu\u011fu do\u011fuda Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan bat\u0131da Dalaman \u00c7ay\u0131na kadar 1542 Km\u2019dir. B\u00f6lgenin bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 daha bat\u0131daki Karaa\u011fa\u00e7 koyuna kadar uzan\u0131r.
\n 1990 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde 8 milyona a\u015fk\u0131n insan ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. N\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu km2\u2019de 74 ki\u015fidir; bu da km2\u2019de 73 olan T\u00fcrkiye ortalamas\u0131na \u00e7ok yak\u0131nd\u0131r. B\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusunun %54\u2019e yak\u0131n k\u0131sm\u0131 il ve il\u00e7e merkezlerinde, % 46 kadar\u0131 ise bucak merkezi ve k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015far.
\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde de b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile y\u00f6netim birimleri olan illerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmaz. Adana , Antalya, Burdur , Hatay, Isparta , \u0130\u00e7el illerinin t\u00fcm\u00fc ile Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019\u0131n Af\u015fin ve Elbistan il\u00e7eleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan b\u00fct\u00fcn il\u00e7eleri, Kayserinin Develi ve Yahyal\u0131 il\u00e7elerinin baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, Konya\u2019n\u0131n halk p\u0131nar, Ta\u015fkent , Had\u0131m , Ah\u0131rl\u0131 , Yal\u0131h\u00f6y\u00fck , Seydi\u015fehir ,Dereb\u0131\u00e7ak , H\u00f6y\u00fck ve Bey\u015fehir il\u00e7eleri , Karaman\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fyayla, Sar\u0131veliler ve Ermenek il\u00e7eleri ile merkez il\u00e7e ve Ayranc\u0131 il\u00e7elerinin baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, Afyon Karahisar\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fmak\u00e7\u0131, Dinar ve Dazk\u0131r\u0131 il\u00e7eleri , Denizli\u2019nin \u00c7ardak, Serinhisar, Ac\u0131payam , \u00c7emeli il\u00e7eleri ile Bozkurt, Tavas ve Beya\u011fa\u00e7 il\u00e7elerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Mu\u011fla\u2019n\u0131n Dalaman, Ortaca, K\u00f6yce\u011fiz ve Fethiye il\u00e7eleriyle Gaziantep\u2019in Nurda\u011f\u0131, Kilis ve \u0130slahiye il\u00e7leri bu b\u00f6lgeye girer. B\u00f6lge , do\u011fudaki Adana ve bat\u0131daki Antalya b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Y\u00dcZEY \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130 :
\n Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinin da\u011fl\u0131k ve olduk\u00e7a engebeli bir yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerinin ana \u00e7izgilerini Toros\u2019lar belirler. Antalya K\u00f6r.\u2019nin iki yan\u0131nda yer alan B. Toroslar, K.\u2019de G\u00f6ller y\u00f6resinde birbirine yakla\u015f\u0131p s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Teke Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda beliren bat\u0131 Toroslar Ta\u015feli Plato\u2019suna kadar uzan\u0131r. Genellikle kalker ve ofiyolitli kayalar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bu da\u011flar k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131 ve k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bat\u0131 Toroslar\u0131n en y\u00fckse noktas\u0131 Bey Da\u011flar\u0131ndaki 3096 m\u2019lik K\u0131zlar Sivrisi tepesidir. G\u00f6ller Y\u00f6resi\u2019nin kalker olu\u015fumu, Sarp da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 2000-2005 m aras\u0131ndad\u0131r; Y\u00fcksek k\u00fctleler aras\u0131nda Avlan, G\u00f6rdes, S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct gibi karstik k\u00f6kenli \u00e7anak bi\u00e7imli \u00e7ukur alanlar vard\u0131r.
\n Bu kesim ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00fcden, obr\u00fck, ma\u011fara , yer alt\u0131 dereleri ponor (suyutan) ve vokl\u00fcz kaynaklar\u0131 gibi karstik \u015fekiller bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zengindir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ,Bey\u015fehir ve E\u011fridir gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck tatl\u0131 su g\u00f6lleri buradad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 Toroslar, dik e\u011fimli yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan inen bol sulu akarsular taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f ve genellikle boylamas\u0131na uzanan derin vadiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Orta Toroslar, g.bat\u0131daki Ta\u015feli platosu ile k.do\u011fudaki uzun yayla aras\u0131nda uzan\u0131r. Bu kesimdeki ba\u015fl\u0131ca y\u00fcksek k\u00fctleler bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya do\u011fru Bolkar da\u011flar\u0131, Aydos Da\u011flar\u0131, Alada\u011flar , Tahtal\u0131 Da\u011flar ve Binbo\u011fa da\u011flar\u0131d\u0131r. Orta Toroslar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 Alada\u011flar\u2019da 3756 m\u2019ye yeti\u015fen Demirkaz\u0131k Tepesidir. Orta Toroslar Uzun Yayla\u2019da 1500m y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki bir platoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Orta Toroslar kuzey-g\u00fcney do\u011frultusunda akan bol sulu akarsular taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6ksu, Lamaz (Limonlu) \u00e7ay\u0131 , Tarsus \u00e7ay\u0131 bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu akarsular kalker olu\u015fumlu da\u011flar aras\u0131nda, derinli\u011fi 1000m\u2019yi bulan vadiler a\u00e7ar ve y\u00f6renin y\u00fczey \u015fekillerinin sert bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm almas\u0131na neden olur.
\n Amanos Da\u011flar\u0131, Toroslar da\u011f sisteminin en g\u00fcneyindeki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur ve \u0130skenderun K\u00f6rfezinin do\u011fusunda dik bir duvar gibi y\u00fckselir. L\u00fcblan topraklar\u0131ndan do\u011farak kuzeye do\u011fru akan ve Antakya yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda dik bir a\u00e7\u0131yla bat\u0131ya d\u00f6nen Asi \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 , Amik ovas\u0131n\u0131n G.bat\u0131 ucunda , geni\u015f tabanl\u0131 bir vadiden ge\u00e7er ve Samanda\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Akdenize d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7ukurova , do\u011fuda Amanos Da\u011flar\u0131, bat\u0131da ise orta Toroslarla s\u0131n\u0131lan\u0131r.
\n Bu geni\u015f d\u00fczl\u00fck bat\u0131da Seyhan do\u011fuda Ceyhan \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u00fcvyonlarla olu\u015fmu\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir delta ovas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ukurova\u2019n\u0131n kuzey kesimleri bu iki \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n kollar\u0131 ile yeryer par\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f bir plato g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k g\u00fcneyde tekd\u00fcze bir hal al\u0131r.
\n B\u00f6lgedeki en \u00f6nemli akarsular do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya do\u011fru s\u0131ras\u0131yla Asi, Ceyhan ve Seyhan \u0131rmaklar\u0131 ile G\u00f6ksu, K\u00f6pr\u00fc Suyu, Aksu, E\u015fem ve Dalaman \u00e7aylar\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca do\u011fal g\u00f6ller Bey\u015fehir, E\u011fridir, Burdur ve Su\u011fla g\u00f6lleridir. K\u0131y\u0131larda ise irili ufakl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok lag\u00fcn vard\u0131r. En \u00f6nemli yapay g\u00f6ller ise Seyhan ve Aslanta\u015f baraj g\u00f6lleridir.
\n Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle, az girintili \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve geni\u015f yaylar \u00e7izmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na benzer; k\u0131y\u0131 sahanl\u0131klar\u0131na da pek rastlanmaz. B\u00f6lgenin en bat\u0131 kesiminde ise da\u011flar k\u0131y\u0131ya dik uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, burada Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na benzeyen daha girintili \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir k\u0131y\u0131 tipi vard\u0131r. Bu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n, yak\u0131n zamanlardaki bir deniz d\u00fczeyi y\u00fckselmesi sonucu olu\u015ftu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Engebeli k\u0131y\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine sokulmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck koylar, adalar ve yar\u0131madalar bu y\u00fckselme nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kalker olu\u015fumlar\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu bu kesimde birtak\u0131m karstik \u015fekillerin k\u0131smen deniz basmas\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131yla do\u011fal koylar olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.; ilk\u00e7a\u011fda gemilerin s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak ve bar\u0131narak yeri kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bu koylara kalankl\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir.
\n\u0130KL\u0130M VE B\u0130TK\u0130 \u00d6RT\u00dcS\u00dc:
\n B\u00f6lgede genelde yazlar\u0131 s\u0131cak ve kurak, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7en Akdeniz iklimi egemendir. Ancak y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak iklim \u00f6zellikleri olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar g\u00f6sterir. Da\u011flar\u0131n denize bakan yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda ve arkalar\u0131nda \u00e7ukur alanlar ise karasal etkilerin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir iklim tipine rastlan\u0131r. Gene de Akdeniz\u2019in etkisi nedeniyle bu kesimlerdeki iklim , \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019daki kadar \u015fiddetli karasal \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131maz.
\n En s\u0131cak ay ortalamas\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131larda 27-28 derece , i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar 23-25 derecedir; en so\u011fuk ay ortalamas\u0131 ise k\u0131y\u0131da 10 derece dolay\u0131nda iken i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlarda 1,5-2 dereceye kadar iner. Benzer bi\u00e7imde, y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k k\u0131y\u0131larda 18-20 derece , i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlarda ise 12-14 derece kadard\u0131r.
\n Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi genellikle g\u00fcney ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131dan gelen hava k\u00fctleleri ile cephelerin etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar orografik ya da cepheseldir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 genellikle da\u011flar\u0131n uzan\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine ve nemli r\u00fczgarlara a\u00e7\u0131k olan y\u00fczeylerindeki konumlar\u0131na, yani bak\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. K\u0131y\u0131 kesimlerinde, bak\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak y\u0131lda ortalama 700-1300 mm. tutar\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu de\u011fer i\u00e7 kesimlerde 400 mm. dolaylar\u0131ndad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgede genellikle, bir Akdeniz iklimi \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan k\u0131\u015f ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 egemendir. \u0130\u00e7 kesimlere gidildik\u00e7e karasal iklim etkisi ile ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar ilkbahara kayar; gene de en \u00e7ok ya\u011f\u0131\u015f k\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fer. K\u0131y\u0131larda ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar genellikle ya\u011fmur \u015feklindedir ; kar, 5-10 y\u0131lda bir ya\u011far; don olay\u0131na da olduk\u00e7a az rastlan\u0131r. Da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde ve G\u00f6ller Y\u00f6resi\u2019nde k\u0131\u015f\u0131n kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 etkili olur; don olay\u0131 ise hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrer. Yaz kurakl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7 kesimlerde olmakla birlikte k\u0131y\u0131lardaki kadar \u015fiddetli de\u011fildir.
\n B\u00f6lgede egemen r\u00fczgarlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla kuzey r\u00fczgarlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak r\u00fczgar rejimi, topografik ko\u015fullara ve deniz kom\u015fulu\u011fa g\u00f6re yerel de\u011fi\u015fikliklere u\u011frar. K\u0131y\u0131larda yaz\u0131n genellikle bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcney y\u00f6nl\u00fc r\u00fczgarlar eser. Zaman zaman deniz ve kara meltemleri etkili olur.
\n Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc s\u0131cak ve kurak yazlardan etkilenmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle kurak\u00e7\u0131l bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131r ve kolayl\u0131kla bozulma eylemi g\u00f6sterir. Orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k halini alm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klarda yer yer seyrekle\u015fmi\u015f , hatta oval\u0131k yerlerde b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Akdeniz B\u00f6l.\u2019nde g\u00f6r\u00fclen bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki karakterini t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kaybetmi\u015f gibidir.
\n Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc be\u015f gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131da 500-600 m y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar olan yerlerde \u015fiddetli yaz kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uyan, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n da ye\u015fil kalan makilerdir. Boylar\u0131 3-5 m\u2019yi ge\u00e7meyen bu bitkiler delice, kocayemi\u015f, sandal ve zakkum en yayg\u0131n olanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bitkiler terra rossa denen killi demirli ve az kire\u00e7li topraklarda yeti\u015fir. Kire\u00e7li topraklarda yeti\u015fen daha seyrek bitki tiplerine garig ad\u0131 verilir.
\n 600-1200m aras\u0131nda k\u0131z\u0131l \u00e7am ve me\u015felerin egemen oldu\u011fu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ormanlar yada yama\u00e7 ormanlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. K\u0131z\u0131l \u00e7amlar\u0131n aralar\u0131nda yer yer me\u015felikler, daha y\u00fckseklere do\u011fru ise halep \u00e7am\u0131 ile kara \u00e7amlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu kesimde kahverengi orman topraklar\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek kesimlerde ya\u011f\u0131\u015f etkisiyle toprakta y\u0131kanma (podzolle\u015fme) g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n 1200-2100m aras\u0131nda ise y\u00fcksek ormanlar diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve seydir , k\u00f6knar ile kay\u0131nlardan olu\u015fan orman ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yer al\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle bat\u0131 ve orta toroslarda saf sedir ormanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu kat\u0131n tipik tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 toros k\u00f6knar\u0131 , l\u00fcbnan sediri , sar\u0131 \u00e7am ve \u00e7e\u015fitli ard\u0131\u00e7 t\u00fcrleridir. Amanos da\u011f\u0131nda ise Karadeniz b\u00f6l\u2019ndeki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne ve \u00f6zellikle do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131n\u0131na rastlan\u0131r. Bu katta podzolik karakterli topraklar yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.
\n 2000m\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcnde i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar seyrekle\u015fir ve bodurla\u015f\u0131r. Bu alan 2100-2300m sonra erer ve Alp \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131 denen , renkli \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle bezenmi\u015f yazlar\u0131 da kurumayan y\u00fcksek otluklara ge\u00e7ilir. Bu katta kestane renkli \u00e7ay\u0131r topraklar\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.
\n G\u00f6ller y\u00f6resi ve Tekke yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksek ovalarda step bitkileri yeti\u015ftirilir. Buradaki stepler ger\u00e7ekte ot stepleri de\u011fil, me\u015fe orman\u0131n\u0131n tahribi sonucu olu\u015fmu\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7 stepleridir. Ova kenarlar\u0131nda, tahripten kurtulmu\u015f ard\u0131\u00e7 ve kara \u00e7am topluluklar\u0131na da rastlan\u0131r. Steplerde daha \u00e7ok kire\u00e7li kahverengi ve kestane renkli topraklar yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.
\n B\u00f6lgede , tipik Akdeniz bitkisi olmad\u0131klar\u0131 halde yerel ko\u015fullara uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f Avustralya okalipt\u00fcsleri ile kurak\u00e7\u0131l Amerika bitkilerinden kakt\u00fcsler ve agavlar da olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f alanlar\u0131 kaplar.
\nN\u00dcFUS:
\n Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda, D.Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen yo\u011fun n\u00fcfus \u015feridine rastlanmaz. Da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerin geni\u015f yer tutmas\u0131 nedeniyle k\u0131y\u0131 boyu \u00e7ok kez tenhad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte da\u011flar aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f , yo\u011fun tar\u0131m yap\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ovalarda \u00f6nemli n\u00fcfus birikmeleri g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. Antalya d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sert travertenlerden olu\u015fmu\u015f bat\u0131 kesimi ile \u00c7ukurova\u2019n\u0131n kumul ve bat\u0131kl\u0131k k\u0131y\u0131 kesmi tenha yerler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. N\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu \u00c7ukurova\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 kenar\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p , sulanan yerlere do\u011fru giderek artar. \u0130skenderun k\u00f6rfezi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131da n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek yerlerdir ; Amanos Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 denize dik inen g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131 ise \u00e7ok tenhad\u0131r. Amik ovas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki yo\u011funla\u015fma \u015feridi Antakya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney do\u011fusundaki tepelik alanlara do\u011fru sokulur. Kahramanmara\u015f, Hatay \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u011funun \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k \u201cHassa le\u00e7eleri\u201d kesimi olduk\u00e7a tenhad\u0131r. G\u00f6ller y\u00f6resinin da\u011fl\u0131k ve ormanl\u0131k kesimleri genelde olduk\u00e7a tenhad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yalva\u00e7-bozkur olu\u011funun da\u011f ete\u011fi boylar\u0131 ile Isparta odas\u0131n\u0131n sulanan g\u00fcney b\u00f6\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcnde n\u00fcfus olduk\u00e7a yo\u011fundur.
\n Akdeniz b\u00f6l\u2019nde toplu k\u0131r yerle\u015fimleri egemendir. Bu durum \u00f6zellikle da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerde ve da\u011f eteklerinde belirgindir. Ovalarda toplu yerle\u015fmeler aras\u0131nda serpilmi\u015f yerle\u015fmelere de rastlan\u0131r. Da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerdeki ya da Antalya travertenleri gibi verimsiz alanlardaki yerle\u015fmeler daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. B\u00f6lgenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kenti 916000 bulan n\u00fcfusuyla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 4. B\u00fcy\u00fck merkezi olan Adana\u2019d\u0131r. N\u00fcfusu 500000 ile 100000 aras\u0131nda ki kentler ise Mersin , Antalya, Kahramanmara\u015f , Tarsus, \u0130skenderun, Antakya, Osmaniye ve Isparta\u2019d\u0131r.
\nEKONOM\u0130:
\n Akdeniz B\u00f6l\u2019nde ekonomi tar\u0131ma dayan\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tar\u0131mdan elde edilen gelirin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lge buras\u0131d\u0131r. Sanayi ise daha \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgenin do\u011fusunda, Adana ,Mersin , aras\u0131nda ve \u0130skenderun’da yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Turizm k\u0131y\u0131 kesimlerde \u00f6zellikle Antalya \u00e7evresinde \u00f6nemli bir gelir kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.
\n B\u00f6lgede tar\u0131msal etkinlik olduk\u00e7a \u00e7e\u015fitlidir; \u00f6zellikle bitkisel \u00fcretim geli\u015fmi\u015f ve teknik d\u00fczeyi y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Ekonomik de\u011ferleri y\u00fcksek bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn yeti\u015ftirilir; modern tar\u0131m girdileri ve yo\u011fun tar\u0131m teknikleri kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r; \u00fcretim i\u00e7 pazarada oldu\u011fu kadar d\u0131\u015f pazarada d\u00f6n\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ba\u015fka alanlarda oldu\u011fu gibi tar\u0131msal etkinlik alan\u0131nda da k\u0131y\u0131 kesimi ile i\u00e7 kesimler aras\u0131nda hem yeti\u015ftirilen \u00fcr\u00fcn t\u00fcrleri , hem de yeti\u015ftirme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli say\u0131labilecek farklar g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar.
\n K\u0131y\u0131 kesiminin ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcnleri pamuk, susam , yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 , turun\u00e7giller, muz , zeytin , incir , \u00fcz\u00fcmd\u00fcr, Bu kesimde yap\u0131lan bitkisel \u00fcretimi farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f dal\u0131 da \u00f6zellikle Antalya ve Mersin dolaylar\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan turfanda sebzecilik ve serac\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r; \u00fcretim \u00f6zellikle son 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde h\u0131zla artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yumu\u015fak k\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 , havalar\u0131n erken \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131, don olaylar\u0131n\u0131n seyrekli\u011fi gibi etkenlerin bu geli\u015fmede rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. B\u00f6lge \u00fcretimi b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerin sebze gereksinimini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ihracat da yapmaktad\u0131r.
\n G\u00f6ller y\u00f6resi ve Teke y\u00f6resinin i\u00e7 kesimlerindeki tar\u0131msal etkinlik ise iklim ve toprak \u00f6zelliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hemen hemen t\u00fcm\u00fcyle farkl\u0131 bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu kesimde daha \u00e7ok kuru tah\u0131l tar\u0131m\u0131 egemendir. Sulana bilen alanlarda ise iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun sanayi bitkileri ve meyveler yeti\u015ftirilir. Bu y\u00f6relerdeki da\u011fl\u0131k alanlar hem ovalar\u0131n do\u011fal su deposu hem de yaz\u0131n ovalardan getirilen s\u00fcr\u00fcler i\u00e7in yaylak i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Tar\u0131m takviminin farkl\u0131 olu\u015fu y\u00fcz\u00fcnden , da\u011fl\u0131k alanlardaki k\u0131rsal kesimde ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n birb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc zaman zaman a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ovalara inerek tarla i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
\n Modern tar\u0131m teknikleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 fazlad\u0131r. Yeti\u015ftirilen bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. T\u00fcrkiye pamuk \u00fcretiminin %41 g\u00fcl yapra\u011f\u0131 ve muz \u00fcretiminin t\u00fcm\u00fc turun\u00e7gillerin %89, yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretiminin % 90 , soya \u00fcretiminin %91, karpuz \u00fcretiminin %29, domates \u00fcretiminin %21, \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn %17 ve zeytin \u00fcretiminin de %15 Akdeniz B\u00f6l\u2019nden sa\u011flan\u0131r.
\n Bitkisel \u00fcretimindeki ileri teknoloji d\u00fczeyi hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta yerini geleneksel ve ilkel y\u00f6ntemlere b\u0131rak\u0131r; bu nedenle hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k pek geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Daha \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanlar beslenir. \u00dclkedeki k\u0131l ke\u00e7ilerinin \u00bc\u2019\u00fc koyunlar\u0131n ise %06\u2019s\u0131 Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesindedir. Bitkisel \u00fcretimden elde edilen gelirin hayvanc\u0131l\u0131ktan elde edilen gelire g\u00f6re \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7erlerin bitkisel \u00fcretime kaymas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Yayg\u0131n olarak tavuk\u00e7uluk ve ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lan b\u00f6lgede elde edilen bal miktar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye \u00fcretimi i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 %12\u2019dir. Deniz canl\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pek zengin olmayan Akdeniz\u2019de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apta bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n Akdeniz B\u00f6l\u2019nde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen maden yataklar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00e7e\u015fitli ise de rezervleri fazla de\u011fildir. B\u00f6lgenin da\u011fl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle ula\u015f\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmekte , bu da maliyeti y\u00fckselterek madencili\u011fi bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131s\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. \u00dclke \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde \u00f6nemli say\u0131labilecek tek maden bat\u0131 toroslar kesimindeki boksit yataklar\u0131d\u0131r. Fethiye yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda krom ve z\u0131mpara ta\u015f\u0131 yataklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ke\u00e7iborlu\u2019da ki k\u00fck\u00fcrt yataklar\u0131 \u00fclkede i\u015fletilen tek k\u00fck\u00fcrt yata\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle b\u00f6lgenin do\u011fusunda , Adana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeye toplam \u00fcretimindeki pay\u0131, tar\u0131mda oldu\u011fu gibi sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde de \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir. Pamuklu ve sentetik dokuma, petrokimya, \u00e7imento, bitkisel ya\u011f, t\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fleme ba\u015fta konserve olmak \u00fczere g\u0131da, sabun , deterjan , i\u00e7ki , tar\u0131m ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7leriyle , madeni e\u015fya ve metal do\u011frama ba\u015fl\u0131ca sanayi kollar\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6relerinde ka\u011f\u0131t, \u015feker, g\u00fcl ya\u011f\u0131, yem, g\u00fcbre, s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri , tar\u0131m alet ve makineleri , un , haz\u0131r giyim , pil , orman \u00fcr\u00fcnleri , tu\u011fla ve kiremit fabrikalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Sanayi \u00f6zellikle Adana-Tarsus-Mersin hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r
\n.ATA\u015e rafinerisi Mersin\u2019de , k\u0131sa ad\u0131 \u0130SDEM\u0130R olan \u0130skenderun Demir-\u00c7elik Tesisleri ise \u0130skenderun il\u00e7esindedir.
\n Akdeniz b\u00f6l\u2019nde , \u00f6zellikle Adana\u2019da sermaye birikimi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7eklere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ta\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclke \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok yat\u0131r\u0131mda bu kesim sermayesinin pay\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\n Do\u011fal g\u00fczellikler ve tarihsel de\u011ferler nedeniyle b\u00f6lgede turizm \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Y\u0131l\u0131n 8 ay\u0131nda denize girilebilen geni\u015f do\u011fal plajlar ve antik kentler say\u0131s\u0131 her y\u0131l artan yerli ve yabanc\u0131 turisti \u00e7ekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle Antalya y\u00f6resinde geli\u015fmi\u015f olan turizm k\u0131y\u0131larda ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n en \u00f6nemli gelir kaynaklar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Turizm kaynaklar\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fal ve tarihsel de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin olan b\u00f6lgelerde baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131larak koruma alanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Bunlardan ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 G\u00fcll\u00fck da\u011f\u0131, Karatepe-Aslanta\u015f, K\u0131z\u0131l da\u011f , Kovada g\u00f6l\u00fc, K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc kanyon, Olimpos-Bey da\u011flar\u0131 sahil milli parklar\u0131d\u0131r.
\n Ula\u015f\u0131m giderek geli\u015fmektedir. Mersin ve \u0130skenderun limanlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7ukurova\u2019n\u0131n ticaret iskelesi konumundaki Mersin liman\u0131 y\u00f6redeki petrol rafinerisi nedeniyle daha i\u015flek bir hale gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130skenderun liman\u0131 da ticaret ve petrol a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda her iki liman\u0131nda Akdeniz\u2019de yap\u0131lan ithal ve ihra\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki pay\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Alanya, Antalya ve Fethiye limanlar\u0131 turizm a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Akdeniz B\u00f6l\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgeleriyle kara yolu, ayr\u0131ca b\u00fcy\u00fck yerle\u015fim merkezleriyle hava yolu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca yollar E-5 ve E-24 kara yollar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc paral\u0131 otoyol haline getirilmektedir. Adana , Antalya ve Dalamandaki havaalanlar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka merkezle d\u00fczenli u\u00e7ak seferleri yap\u0131l\u0131r. Mersin , Ta\u015fucu\u2019ndan KKTC\u2019ye feribot seferleri yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
AKDEN\u0130Z B\u00d6LGES\u0130 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 7 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgesinden biridir. Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00fcneyinde Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca uzan\u0131r; geni\u015fli\u011fi 120-180 km aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bat\u0131 ve k.bat\u0131s\u0131nda Ege B\u00f6l., kuzeyinde \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu B\u00f6l. , do\u011fusunda G.Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6l. G\u00fcneyinde ise Akdeniz bulunur. G.do\u011fudan Suriye ile kom\u015fudur. Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 110000 km2 dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r; T\u00fcrkiye toplam alan\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %14\u2019n\u00fc kaplar. K\u0131y\u0131 uzunlu\u011fu do\u011fuda Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2911,2910,1477,2912,2913,2918,2914,2915,1924,2917,2916],"class_list":["post-977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-adana","tag-akdeniz-bolgesi","tag-anadolu","tag-antalya","tag-burdur","tag-goller-yoresi","tag-hatay","tag-icel","tag-isparta","tag-taseli-platosu","tag-toroslar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=977"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}