A) VOLKAN\u0130ZMANIN TANIMI:
\n Magman\u0131n, yerkabu\u011funun zay\u0131f k\u0131smlar\u0131ndan s\u0131zarak yery\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru y\u00fckselmesine ve faaliyet g\u00f6stermesine volkanizma denir. Volkanizma sadece tamamen so\u011fumam\u0131\u015f gezegenlerde ve uydularda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.(\u00f6rn. D\u00fcnya tam so\u011fumad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yeralt\u0131nda s\u0131cak tabaka olan magma bulunur bu y\u00fczden volkanizmadan s\u00f6z edebiliriz; fakat D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n uydusu olan Ay tamamen so\u011fudu\u011fu i\u00e7in magma tabakas\u0131 bulunmaz bu nedenle volkanizmadan s\u00f6z edemeyiz). \u0130ki \u00e7e\u015fit volkanizma t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
a)Derinlik Volkanizmas\u0131:
\nMagman\u0131n yerkabu\u011fu \u00e7atlaklar\u0131nda kal\u0131p, yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fan volkanik faaliyetlere denir.<\/p>\n
b)Y\u00fczeysel Volkanizma:
\nYeralt\u0131nda y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda bulunan magman\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015farak faaliyetini g\u00f6stermesine y\u00fczeysel volkanizma denir.<\/p>\n
B) VOLKANLAR:<\/p>\n
Yeralt\u0131nda bulunan magma tabakas\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131cak oldu\u011fundan i\u00e7erisindeki gazlar genle\u015fir ve y\u00fczeye bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulamaya ba\u015flarlar. Bu da yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde da\u011flar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flar. Gazlar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 normale d\u00f6n\u00fcnceye kadar bu olay devam eder; fakat bazen yerkabu\u011funda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fur \u2013magmayla dolu olan yer alt\u0131 \u00e7atlaklar\u0131na dayk denir- ve buradan magma yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015f\u0131r ve p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flar. P\u00fcsk\u00fcrmenin meydana geldi\u011fi da\u011flara volkanik da\u011f ad\u0131 verilir. P\u00fcsk\u00fcrmenin sonucunda yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan magman\u0131n donmas\u0131yla bazalt ta\u015f\u0131 meydana gelir.
\n Zaman zaman p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmekte olan yanarda\u011flara aktif yanarda\u011f, faaliyeti durmu\u015f olanlara s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f volkan ad\u0131 verilir. Volkanlar p\u00fcsk\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman d\u0131\u015far\u0131 f\u0131rlayan ak\u0131\u015fkanlara lav, kat\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klara ise t\u00fcv ad\u0131 verilir. volkanlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131z krater denir. S\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f volkanlarda kraterler ya\u011fmurlar nedeniyle suyla dolar bunlara da krater g\u00f6l\u00fc denir. Y\u00fczeysel volkanizma s\u0131ras\u0131nda gaz patlamas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan \u00e7ukurluklara maar denir. Volkanik sahalar mineralce zengin olduklar\u0131ndan tar\u0131ma elveri\u015flidirler.
\n Volkanlar p\u00fcsk\u00fcrme \u015fekillerine g\u00f6re alt\u0131ya, olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerine olarak dokuza ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n
a) P\u00fcsk\u00fcrme \u015fekline g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n
1.\u0130zlanda tipi yanarda\u011flar: Bu tip yanarda\u011flarda erimi\u015f bazalt ta\u015f\u0131 paralel yar\u0131klardan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu t\u00fcr ak\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011funlukla lav platosu olu\u015fumlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.
\n 2.Hawaii tipi yanarda\u011flar: Hawaii tipi yanarda\u011flar \u0130zlanda tipi yanarda\u011flara benzerler; fakat lavlar paralel yar\u0131klardan de\u011fil radyal(zig zag) yar\u0131klardan akarak kalkan yanarda\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131d\u0131r.
\n 3.Stromboli tipi yanarda\u011flar: Bu tip yanarda\u011flarda genle\u015fen gazlar orta \u015fiddette patlamalara neden olur, bu da kesintisiz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmelere yol a\u00e7ar. Bu p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmeler meydana geldi\u011finde etrafa akkor halinde lav p\u0131ht\u0131lar\u0131 f\u0131rlar.
\n 4.Vulcano tipi yanarda\u011flar: Bu tip yanarda\u011flarda orta \u015fiddette gaz ve k\u00fcl p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmeleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m, koyu renkli, \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrme bulutlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar; bu bulutlar h\u0131zla y\u00fckselir ve sarmal bi\u00e7imler al\u0131r.
\n 5.Pel\u00e9e tipi yanarda\u011flar: Bu tip yanarda\u011flarda, yo\u011fun ve \u015fiddetli k\u0131zg\u0131n volkanik k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131 ve gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmeleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Pel\u00e9e tipi yanarda\u011flar\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmesi sonucunda olu\u015fan, d\u0131\u015far\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcren ak\u0131\u015fkanlar havadan daha a\u011f\u0131r olmakla birlikte o kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir a\u011fdal\u0131ktad\u0131r ki, bu lavlar yama\u00e7tan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru akma h\u0131zlar\u0131 saatte 100km\/s\u2019I bulabilir.
\n 6.Pilinus tipi yanarda\u011flar: En \u015fiddetli p\u00fcsk\u00fcren yanarda\u011f t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu yanarda\u011flarda, gaz i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00fcksek magmadan kaynayarak y\u00fckselen gazlar, magma s\u00fctununu da ge\u00e7erek \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fiddetle d\u0131\u015far\u0131 f\u0131rlarlar. P\u00fcsk\u00fcren gazlar ve volkanik k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar, dikey do\u011frultuda, rokete benzer bi\u00e7imde y\u00fckselir. Bu bulutlar stratosfere kadar y\u00fckselebilir ve bazen bir ka\u00e7 saat boyunca havada kalabilirler.<\/p>\n
b) Olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerine g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n
1.Strato yanarda\u011flar: Bunlar piroklastik ak\u0131nt\u0131lar ile lav ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 sonucunda olu\u015fan dik yanarda\u011f konileridir. Bazalttan riyolite kadar de\u011fi\u015fen volkanik kaya\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerinden olu\u015furlar, ama bile\u015fimleri genellikle andezit yap\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. Strato yanarda\u011flar \u00f6m\u00fcrleri boyunca binlerce kez p\u00fcsk\u00fcrebilir. P\u00fcsk\u00fcrme k\u00fcl f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar ve kal\u0131n ve yo\u011fun lav ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla sona erer.
\n 2.Kalkan yanarda\u011flar: Kalkan yanarda\u011flar, lav ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 sonucunda olu\u015fan kubbe bi\u00e7imli da\u011flard\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla bazalt yap\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Kesintisiz p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmeler sonucunda h\u0131zla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kalkan da\u011flar olu\u015fabilir, ama daha b\u00fcy\u00fck kalkanlar, bir milyon y\u0131l gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fan p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmelerle meydana gelir.
\n 3.Denizalt\u0131 yanarda\u011flar\u0131: Denizalt\u0131 yanarda\u011flar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde olabilirler, ama \u00e7o\u011fu koni bi\u00e7iminde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 eski denizalt\u0131 yanarda\u011flar\u0131, batmadan \u00f6nce s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme sonucu d\u00fczle\u015fmi\u015f veya deniz d\u00fczeyinde bir mercan tabakas\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olabilirler. Bilinen aktif denizalt\u0131 yanarda\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 denizin s\u0131\u011f b\u00f6lgelerinde bulunur.
\n 4.Kalderalar: Kalderalar \u00e7ap\u0131 bir kilometreyi a\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck dairesel veya oval \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerdir ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu i\u00e7e do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7me sonucunda olu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funda, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc \u00e7evreleyen dik tepeler bulunur, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde de g\u00f6ller olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
\n 5.Karma\u015f\u0131k\/Bile\u015fik yanarda\u011flar: Bile\u015fik yanarda\u011flar, karma\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczey \u015fekilli yanarda\u011flard\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr yap\u0131lar genellikle belirli bir baca alan\u0131n\u0131n konumunun veya p\u00fcsk\u00fcrme tarz\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.
\n 6.D\u0131\u015f\u0131k konileri: Bunlar boyut\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, gev\u015fek par\u00e7alardan olu\u015fan, dik koni bi\u00e7imli y\u00fczey \u015fekilleridir. D\u0131\u015f\u0131k konilerini olu\u015fturan kayalar, genellikle bazalt ya da bazaltl\u0131 andezittir. Bunlarda genellikle Vulcano ya da Hawaii tipi p\u00fcsk\u00fcrme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n 7.Volkanik alanlar: Volkanik alanlar \u00e7ok say\u0131da d\u0131\u015f\u0131k konisi ya da ayr\u0131 bir yanarda\u011f olarak tan\u0131mlanamayacak ba\u015fka volkanik y\u00fczey \u015fekillerinden olu\u015fur. E\u011fer magman\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 galeriler geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise, bir b\u00fcy\u00fckda\u011f yerine, \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc da\u011f olu\u015fabilir.yeni bir volkanik da\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye volkanik alan denir.
\n 8.Yar\u0131k bacalar\u0131, krater dizileri: Yar\u0131k bacalar\u0131 magmayla dolu yeralt\u0131 \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n\u0131n (dayklar\u0131n) y\u00fczey uzant\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Dayklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu 0.5-2 m geni\u015fli\u011finde ve birka\u00e7 kilometre uzunlu\u011fundad\u0131rlar.
\n 9.Lav domlar\u0131(kubbeleri): Lav domlar\u0131, lavlar\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan, dik yama\u00e7l\u0131 kubbe yap\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A) VOLKAN\u0130ZMANIN TANIMI: Magman\u0131n, yerkabu\u011funun zay\u0131f k\u0131smlar\u0131ndan s\u0131zarak yery\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru y\u00fckselmesine ve faaliyet g\u00f6stermesine volkanizma denir. Volkanizma sadece tamamen so\u011fumam\u0131\u015f gezegenlerde ve uydularda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.(\u00f6rn. D\u00fcnya tam so\u011fumad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yeralt\u0131nda s\u0131cak tabaka olan magma bulunur bu y\u00fczden volkanizmadan s\u00f6z edebiliriz; fakat D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n uydusu olan Ay tamamen so\u011fudu\u011fu i\u00e7in magma tabakas\u0131 bulunmaz bu nedenle volkanizmadan s\u00f6z edemeyiz). …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1403,1406],"tags":[2962,2958,2964,2965,2963],"class_list":["post-993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-odevler","category-sosyal-bilgiler-odevleri","tag-magma","tag-volkanik-daglar","tag-volkanizma","tag-yanardag","tag-yerkabugu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=993"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/993\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.islamidavet.com\/kutuphane\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}